Uterine Fibroids

Uterine fibroids, also known as leiomyomas or myomas, are benign tumors composed of smooth muscle cells and fibrous tissue. They can vary in size from very small nodules to large masses that distort the shape of the uterus. Fibroids may appear as a single growth or in multiple locations at the same time.

Although fibroids are noncancerous, their size and position can lead to symptoms affecting daily comfort, menstrual health, and fertility. Fibroids commonly develop between the ages of 30 and 50 and may shrink naturally after menopause due to reduced hormone levels.

Fibroids are classified according to their location in the uterus:

Intramural Fibroids

Develop within the uterine muscle wall and may cause heavy bleeding or pelvic pressure.

Subserosal Fibroids

Grow on the outer surface of the uterus and can press on nearby organs such as the bladder or bowel.

Submucosal Fibroids

Form beneath the uterine lining and may lead to heavy menstrual bleeding, anemia, or fertility issues.

Pedunculated Fibroids

Attach to the uterus by a stalk and may twist, causing sudden pelvic pain.

Identifying the type of fibroid helps guide the most appropriate treatment plan.

The exact cause of uterine fibroids is not fully understood, but several factors are associated with increased risk:

• Hormonal imbalance (estrogen and progesterone)

• Family history of fibroids

• Obesity or weight gain

• Vitamin D deficiency

• High blood pressure

• Early onset of menstruation

• Lifestyle factors such as diet and stress

A detailed medical evaluation is required to determine contributing factors and guide management.

Symptoms vary depending on the size, number, and location of fibroids. Common symptoms include:

• Heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding

• Pelvic pain or pressure

• Frequent urination or difficulty emptying the bladder

• Pain during intercourse

• Constipation

• Abdominal bloating

• Fatigue or anemia due to blood loss

• Difficulty conceiving or recurrent pregnancy loss

Women experiencing these symptoms should seek evaluation for appropriate diagnosis and treatment.

Accurate diagnosis is essential for selecting the right treatment approach. Diagnostic methods may include:

Pelvic examination
Helps detect an enlarged or irregular uterus.

Ultrasound
Primary imaging test to identify fibroids, their size, and number.

MRI scan
Provides detailed images for complex cases or surgical planning.

Hysterosonography
Uses saline to enhance visualization of the uterine cavity.

Hysteroscopy
Allows direct inspection of the uterine cavity and removal or biopsy of submucosal fibroids if required.

Treatment depends on symptoms, fibroid characteristics, age, fertility goals, and overall health. At CosmeSurge, management follows clinical guidelines and individualized care planning.

Treatment depends on symptoms, fibroid characteristics, age, fertility goals, and overall health. At CosmeSurge, management follows clinical guidelines and individualized care planning.

1. Medical Management

For mild to moderate symptoms, medication may help regulate hormones and control bleeding.

Common options include:

• Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogues

• Hormonal contraceptives

• Progesterone-releasing intrauterine devices (IUDs)

• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for pain control

Medication is generally considered temporary symptom management and does not eliminate fibroids permanently.

2. Minimally Invasive Procedures

These options are suitable for selected patients who wish to avoid major surgery and preserve fertility.

Uterine artery embolization (UAE)
Blocks blood supply to fibroids, causing them to shrink gradually.

MRI-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS)
Uses targeted ultrasound waves to destroy fibroid tissue without incisions.

Hysteroscopic myomectomy
Removes fibroids located inside the uterine cavity using a hysteroscope inserted through the vagina.

Recovery time depends on the procedure performed:

• Minimally invasive procedures: 1–2 weeks

• Laparoscopic surgery: 2–3 weeks

• Open surgery: 4–6 weeks

Post-treatment care may include:

• Avoiding heavy lifting

• Maintaining a balanced diet

• Following prescribed medications

• Attending follow-up visits for monitoring

Untreated fibroids may lead to:

• Chronic anemia

• Persistent pelvic pain

• Bladder or bowel compression

• Infertility

• Pregnancy-related complications

Early diagnosis and appropriate management help prevent these outcomes.